Fujifilm X

Fuji vient de lever le voile sur le X M1, un appareil qui s’inscrit dans la lignée de la série X Premium de la marque. Le X100 avait introduit, avec un certain style, un viseur hybride et une prise en mains à l’ancienne. Le X Pro 1 avait poursuivi sur cette lancée, avant que le X E1 ne vienne réduire un peu la voilure. La visée se faisait désormais sur un viseur purement numérique. Le X M1 prend logiquement la suite du X M1 et supprime carrément le viseur. Plus abordable, plus "hybride", mais avec de sacrés arguments à faire valoir.

Plus abordable, le X M1 l’est certainement. Le haut de gamme, le X Pro1, se trouve autour des 1600 avec une optique, le X E1 s’affiche à 1400 ,
borse chanel, alors que le X100s est encore entre 1100 et 1200 . Avec le X M1, Fujifilm fait passer le ticket d’entrée de la série X à 799 avec le nouveau 16 50 mm annoncé aujourd’hui aussi, ou à 699 nu.

Mais au premier coup d’il, ce qui marque,
chanel 2.55 borse chanel 28600, c’est la différence d’ergonomie. Ici donc, plus de viseur hybride, ni même seulement électronique. La visée se fait par le seul biais de l’écran LCD, un modèle de 7,5 cm affichant 920 000 points (il était de 1,23 million de points sur le X Pro1), et inclinable. De même sur le dessus,
chanel 2.55 borse chanel a36097, les traditionnelles molettes contrôlant l’obturation et la compensation d’exposition font désormais placeà un sélecteur PSAM plus conventionnel.

Du coup, l’appareil est plus compact, gagnant presque 1 centimètre en hauteur par rapport au X E1, et se rapproche des formats des concurrents chaussés en 4/3.

Sous le capot, guère de surprise, on retrouve les ingrédients qui ont fait le succès des prédécesseurs du X M1. On y retrouvera entre autres le très bon capteur 16 mpixAPS C X Trans du X Pro1. Comme sur le X Pro1 en somme. et probablement avec les mêmes limitations. Dommage que Fuji n’intègre pas encore d’AF hybride à ses modèles, qui y gagneraient certainement beaucoup au change. Tout ceci placera à coup sûr le X M1 derrière les bons 4/3 de chez Olympus et Panasonic en termes de performance d’AF, comme les précédents

Sponsored by: National Aeronautic Space Administration & US J.G.O.F.S.
Project Period: March 15, 1998 – March 14, 2001
Principle Investigator: Paul G. Falkowski
Co-Principle Investigator: Michael J. Behrenfeld
Co-Principle Investigator: Zbigniew S. Kolber

The primary goal of this project is to improve ocean carbon models by describing how physical and chemical forcing affects the statistical distribution of key functional phytoplankton groups. This information is critical in predicting how changes in ocean physics and chemistry will influence total and new production in future ocean model scenarios. The research is coordinated with the Ocean Carbon-cycle Modeling Intercomparison Project (OCMIP), an international project initiated in 1995 by the Global Analysis, Interpretation and Modeling (GAIM) Task Force of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP).
The project focuses on the development of algorithms that predict how ocean physics and chemistry affect the spatial distribution of:

• trichodesmium sp.,the major nitrogen fixing organisms;
• diatoms, the major group responsible for export production;
• coccolithophores, which, as a consequence of calcification, raise pCO₂; and
• the polytaxonomic group of picoplankton, which, while they are the major carbon fixers, contribute little to carbon export.

The statistical distribution of these four functional groups will be analyzed using remotely sensed information in conjunction with sea truth data, and, based on the statistics of their distributions, “functional group profiles” will be generated. The “functional group profiles” give a probability of encountering each of the four groups in each grid cell of an OGCM. Based on these profiles, we can specify physical and chemical criteria that maximize and minimize the distributions of each group, and hence prospectively infer their distributions in climate change scenarios. From knowledge of the distributions of each group, the forcing and feedback between ocean circulation, chemistry and biological processes can be represented much more realistically in ocean general circulation/biogeochemical models.

Animated movie files: Chl_ehux_CB_anim.gif | CritIrr_ehux_cb_anim.gif | MLD_ehux_CB_anim.gif| SST1_eh_cb_anim.gif

Sponsored by NSF – Division of Ocean Sciences
Principle Investigator: Paul G. Falkowski

This component of the Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment is designed to provide the instrumentation and expertise for biophysical assessment of the factors limiting phytoplankton photosynthesis in the open waters of the Antarctic Ocean. Our techniques incorporate both real-time, continuous underway measurements, as well as discrete sample analysis and include: fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorometry, single-celled fast repetition rate (SCFRR) fluorometry, and low temperature fluorescence excitation/emission spectroscopy. These “tools” are capable of sensitively and reliably detecting and quantifying intrinsic biophysical limitations of phytoplankton photosynthetic processes, and provide diagnostic profiles for specific limiting factors such as iron. This program element (1) provides key data that directly tests the iron limitation hypothesis for high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters in the Southern Ocean, (2) quantifies the temporal and spatial photosynthetic responses to the iron enrichment, (3) provides the capability for real-time adaptive sampling within an enrichment area, and (4) helps to determine the taxonomic components that are iron limited, and to understand their responses to enrichment.

We propose to evaluate all of the basic variable fluorescence characteristics at sea. We will also perform post-cruise measurements.

Sponsored by: Office of Naval Research (ONR)

Principle Investigator:  Paul G. Falkowski

Co- Principle Investigators:  Zbigniew S. Kolber, Maxim Gorbunov

The major theme of this research project is to understand processes that contribute to fluorescence emission from benthic targets in the coastal and shallow waters with the overarching goal of developing parameterization schemes that optically detect anthropogenic objects. This effort is part of the larger Coastal Benthic Optics Program (CoBOP) DRI.

The research effort has three basic tasks:

1. To analyze data obtained from in situ fluorescence detectors, especially the scuba-based Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer and to iteratively improve the instrumentation and retrieval algorithms in support of CoBOP field measurements.
2. To measure fluorescence lifetimes in the subnanosecond time domain from model organisms. This task, which will be carried out both in the field and at Rutgers University, will provide the fundamental knowledge for the interpretation of in situ lifetime measurements.
3. To determine the molecules that give rise to the specific fluorescence signatures and to characterize their spatial and temporal distributions in relation to variations in fluorescence yields. This latter task will address the first order applicability of CoBOP optical models to subtropical and tropical shallow water benthic environments.

Principal  Investigators:

Paul Falkowski	Rutgers University	falko@imcs.rutgers.edu
Michael Follows	M.I.T.	mick@plume.mit.edu
Yuan Gao	Montclair State University	gaoy@montclair.edu
Yoram Kaufman	NASA	kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov
Daniel Sigman	Princeton University	sigman@princeton.edu